,chanel borse Britain and France and Macao telecommunications regulation and legislation introduced (b) Australia's system of legal basis for the legal basis for telecommunications regulation. First, the Australian Telecommunications Act; second is related to the telecommunications competition law; third is related to electricity, the principles of the Australian Telecommunications Act: First, to ensure the universal telecommunications service is to promote Australian dance two major providers of telecommunications networks and services to the highest level of efficiency; The third is to promote the telecommunications companies to fulfill their various obligations, and continue to improve service levels, accelerate the development of the telecommunications industry; fourth is to promote diversity of telecommunications services; Fifth, to provide electricity at lower prices f services to promote other economic cartridges sector development in six telecom companies is to create an incentive for competition and to encourage fair and efficient market conduct regulatory environment. 4 Australia's telecommunications regulatory approach in the foreign telecom companies no provisions,ghd piastra, the Minister of Finance can be a table method based on overall national interests and national security, to decide whether to allow foreign or quasi-human quasi-one ratio. But According to reports, Telstra's articles of association, the proportion of foreign investment the company can not exceed 12%, 51% state holding in the company. Therefore, the Board of Directors by the Ministry of Communications and Information and the Arts decided to form, Chairman of the Board must be citizens, the headquarters must be located in the country. Australia to satellite and other telecommunications services 81 companies have been licensed, international, mobile, which Telstfa and Optus is basically two full-service operating companies companies; men and one is just leased a network of companies licensed to operate, the need for the record The existing 29; there is no class telecommunications network infrastructure services, as service providers, do not need permission, a total of more than 2,mbt scarpe,000,ghd piastre, most of which Internet service providers. Application for leave should be the Australian Communications Minister of Information and Arts to submit an application along with the development plan. In the program book should be sufficient reason to explain the company's business practices to promote Australia's telecommunications business and technology development, while protecting the telecommunications industry, competition and safeguard consumer interests have a positive role in promoting. Submitted to the Minister of macro decision-making, such as the ministers agreed. Authorizes the communications regulator permits issued by the President. Licensed to the communications regulator to pay A $ 10,mbt scarpe outlet,000 application fee. Communications regulatory authorities require the applicant to obtain permission to fulfill its obligations under state, such as the implementation of universal service. Pay a universal service fund to ensure service. Good access point interoperability and so on. The application of a business related to radio frequency by the communications regulator of the frequency distribution of telecommunications services business. Communications regulator using the auction method for bidding on a particular frequency, set the applicants. Communication over the past four years, regulatory agencies operating wireless communication services through the auction method of frequency. Received a 30 billion Australian dollars in revenue. Applicants are generally the first to participate in the auction frequency. Win the tender. To apply for permission. Operators have obtained permission (such as wireless local loop 34G permission). That operators obtain a license to operate local businesses. And then participate in the auction. In Australia there are more than 2,000 csPs the ISP. Although they do not have licensing requirements. But asking them to committed. Such as: the content and quality of service guarantee. Prohibit harmful yellow content. Ensure disabled access. Britain and France and Macao from the three countries and the practice of most countries, telecommunications regulators common characteristics: first telecommunications regulators are required by law established. This should be a higher authority; second telecommunications regulatory body should be a specialized technical control agencies. Because the telecommunications industry is a highly specialized industry; third power relationship. Both their relative independence (such as the government does not interfere with the specific law enforcement). Has a certain relevance (such as permit issuance, generally the first instance by the telecommunications regulatory body to do such basic work, the fourth issued by the relevant ministers telecommunications regulators and anti-monopoly agency relationship is generally in advance according to telecom regulator's control (such as market access and price controls, etc.), while the antitrust agencies in accordance with law after the control (such as acts of unfair competition occur only after the agency was to control the functions of the fifth telecommunications regulatory body is growing, mainly As information and communication technology and the power given by the national laws and policies, their behavior independent from the business and government around the regulator's task is to implement national legislation and government policy, supervision and management of the telecom market, effective competition for operators to create conditions to resolve operational services disputes and competition now, tracking the dynamic telecommunications industry, the development of relevant national laws and policies to make recommendations. ■ carp h